ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Onodi cells are the most posterior ethmoid air cells and extend superolateral to the sphenoid sinus. These cells are also intimately related with the sphenoid sinus, optic nerve, and carotid artery. Radiologic evaluation is mandatory to assess for anatomic variations before any treatment modalities related to the sphenoid sinus. Objective To evaluate the effect of Onodi cells on the frequency of sphenoiditis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 618 adult patients who underwent high-resolution computed tomography between January 2013 and January 2015. The prevalence of Onodi cells and sphenoiditis was evaluated. Whether the presence of Onodi cells leads to an increase in the prevalence of sphenoiditis was investigated. Results Onodi cell positivity was observed in 326 of 618 patients and its prevalence was found to be 52.7%. In the study group, 60.3% (n = 73) were ipsilaterally (n = 21) or bilaterally (n = 52) Onodi-positive, whereas 39.7% (n = 48) were Onodi-negative (n = 35) or only contralaterally Onodi-positive (n = 13). Of the control group, 48.3% (n = 240) were Onodi-positive and 51.7% (n = 257) were Onodi negative. The co-existence of Onodi cells ipsilaterally was observed to increase the identification of sphenoiditis 1.5-fold, and this finding was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of sphenoiditis appears to be higher in patients with Onodi cells. However, it is not possible to state that Onodi cells are the single factor that causes this disease. Further studies are needed to investigate contributing factors related to sphenoiditis.
Resumo Introdução As células de Onodi são as células etmoidais mais posteriores, que se prolongam superolateralmente ao seio esfenoidal. Essas células também se encontram em íntima relação com o seio esfenoidal, o nervo óptico e a artéria carótida. Para análise de variações anatômicas antes da implantação de qualquer modalidade terapêutica relacionada ao seio esfenoidal, a avaliação radiológica é obrigatória, Objetivo Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o papel das células de Onodi na frequência de esfenoidite. Método Em nosso estudo, foi feita uma análise retrospectiva em 618 pacientes adultos que se submeteram à tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução entre janeiro de 2013 e janeiro de 2015. Avaliamos a prevalência de células de Onodi e de esfenoidite. Investigamos se a presença de células de Onodi leva a um aumento na prevalência de esfenoidite. Resultados A positividade para células de Onodi foi observada em 326 de 618 pacientes e sua prevalência foi de 52,7%. No grupo de estudo, 60,3% (n = 73) eram CO-positivas: ipsilateral (n = 21) ou bilateralmente (n = 52); e 39,7% (n = 48) eram CO-negativas (n = 35) ou apenas contralateralmente CO-positivas (n = 13). No grupo de controle, 48,3% (n = 240) eram CO-positivas; e 51,7% (n = 257) eram CO-negativas. Observamos que a coexistência de CO ipsilateralmente aumentava em 1,5 vez a associação com esfenoidite e esse achado foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05). Conclusão A prevalência de esfenoidite parece ser maior em pacientes com células de Onodi, mas não é possível afirmar que elas são isoladamente o fator causador dessa doença. Novos estudos precisam ser feitos para uma investigação dos fatores contributivos relacionados à esfenoidite.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Sphenoid Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinuses/physiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Purpose We studied the use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of penile fracture. Materials and Methods Between 1997 and 2012, fifteen patients (age range 17-48 years, mean age 37 years) with suspected penile fracture underwent MRI examinations. Ten patients were injured during sexual intercourse, whereas four patients were traumatized by non-physiological bending of the penis during self manupilation, one patient was traumatized falling from the bed. Investigations were performed with 1.5T MR unit. With the patient in the supine position, the penis was taped against the abdominal wall and surface coil was placed on the penis. All patients were studied with axial, coronal, sagittal precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted TSE(TR/TE:538/13 msn) and T2-weighted TSE(5290/110 msn) sequences. All patient underwent surgical exploration. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 72 months. Clinically all patients showed normal healing process without complications. In 11 patients a shortening and thickening of tunica albuginea was observed. Three patients have post traumatic erectil disfunction. Results In all patient corpus cavernosum fractures were clearly depicted on a discontinuity of the low signal intensity of tunica albuginea. These findings were most evident on T1WI and also depicted on T2W sequences. Images obtained shortly after contrast medium administration showed considerable enhancement only in rupture site. Subcutaneous extratunical haematoma in all patients were also recognizable on T2 WI. MRI findings were confirmed at surgery. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is of great value for the diagnosis of penile fracture. Furthermore this method is well suited for visualising the post-operative healing process .